16. He aha te ira tomairangi pēhanga?
Whakautu: I muri i te pēhitanga o te hau makuku, ka piki ake te mātotoru o te mamaoa wai, ā, ka piki ake hoki te pāmahana. Ina whakamataohia te hau pēhitanga, ka piki ake te haumākū whanaunga. Ina heke tonu te pāmahana ki te 100% te haumākū whanaunga, ka puta mai ngā pata wai mai i te hau pēhitanga. Ko te pāmahana i tēnei wā ko te "ira haumākū pēhitanga" o te hau pēhitanga.
17. He aha te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ira tomairangi o te pēhanga me te ira tomairangi o te pēhanga noa?
Whakautu: Ko te whanaungatanga e rite ana i waenga i te ira tomairangi o te pēhanga me te ira tomairangi o te pēhanga noa e pā ana ki te ōwehenga kōpeketanga. I raro i te ira tomairangi pēhanga kotahi, ko te nui ake o te ōwehenga kōpeketanga, ko te iti iho o te ira tomairangi pēhanga noa e rite ana. Hei tauira: ina ko te ira tomairangi o te pēhanga hau kōpeketanga o te 0.7MPa he 2°C, he rite ki te -23°C i te pēhanga noa. Ina piki te pēhanga ki te 1.0MPa, ā, ko te ira tomairangi pēhanga kotahi he 2°C, ka heke te ira tomairangi pēhanga noa e rite ana ki te -28°C.
18. He aha te taputapu e whakamahia ana hei ine i te pūwāhi tomairangi o te hau kōpeke?
Whakautu: Ahakoa ko te Celsius (°C) te waeine o te ira tomairangi pehanga, ko tōna tikanga ko te nui o te wai i roto i te hau kōpeke. Nō reira, ko te ine i te ira tomairangi he ine i te nui o te makuku o te hau. He maha ngā taputapu hei ine i te ira tomairangi o te hau kōpeke, pērā i te "taputapu ira tomairangi whakaata" me te hauota, te etera, me ētahi atu hei puna matao, te "haeromita hiko" me te phosphorus pentoxide, te lithium chloride, me ētahi atu hei electrolyte, me ētahi atu. I tēnei wā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā mita ira tomairangi hau motuhake i roto i te umanga hei ine i te ira tomairangi o te hau kōpeke, pērā i te mita ira tomairangi SHAW o Peretānia, ka taea te ine ki te -80°C.
19. He aha ngā mea hei aro atu ina inehia te ira tomairangi o te hau kōpeke me te mita ira tomairangi?
Whakautu: Whakamahia he mita ira tomairangi hei ine i te ira tomairangi o te hau, ina koa he iti rawa te nui o te wai o te hau i inehia, me tino tupato, me manawanui hoki te mahi. Me maroke ngā taputapu tauira hau me ngā paipa hono (kia maroke ake i te hau e inehia ana), me hiri rawa ngā hononga paipa, me whiriwhiri te tere rere o te hau kia rite ki ngā ture, ā, me roa te wā maimoatanga i mua. Ki te tupato koe, ka nui ngā hapa. Kua whakamātauhia e te mahi ina whakamahia te "tātari makuku" e whakamahi ana i te phosphorus pentoxide hei electrolyte hei ine i te ira tomairangi pēhanga o te hau kōpeke e tukatukahia ana e te whakamaroke matao, he tino nui te hapa. Nā te hiko tuarua i hangaia e te hau kōpeke i te wā whakamātautau tēnei, ka teitei ake te pānui i tōna āhua tūturu. Nō reira, kaua e whakamahia tēnei momo taputapu ina ine i te ira mōhiorangi o te hau kōpeke e whakahaerehia ana e te whakamaroke pouaka whakamātao.
20. Kei hea te wāhi e tika ana kia inehia ai te pūwāhi tomairangi o te hau kōpeke i roto i te whakamaroke?
Whakautu: Whakamahia he mita ira tomairangi hei ine i te ira mōhiorangi pēhanga o te hau kōpeke. Me whakanoho te ira tauira ki roto i te paipa putanga hau o te whakamaroke, ā, kaua te hau tauira e whai pata wai. He hapa kei roto i ngā ira mōhiorangi i inehia i ētahi atu ira tauira.
21. Ka taea te whakamahi i te pāmahana mimiti hei whakakapi mō te ira tomairangi pēhanga?
Whakautu: I roto i te whakamaroke makariri, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te pānui o te pāmahana mimiti (pēhanga mimiti) hei whakakapi i te pūwāhi tomairangi o te hau kōpeke. Nā te mea i roto i te mimiti he iti te rohe whakawhiti wera, he rerekētanga pāmahana nui i waenga i te hau kōpeke me te pāmahana mimiti o te hau whakamatao i te wā o te whakawhiti wera (i ētahi wā tae atu ki te 4~6°C); ko te pāmahana ka taea te whakamatao i te hau kōpeke he teitei ake i te pāmahana o te hau whakamatao. He teitei te pāmahana mimiti. Kāore e taea te 100% te whai huatanga o te wehenga o te "wehenga hau-wai" i waenga i te mimiti me te whakamatao-mua. Ka noho tonu he wāhanga o ngā pata wai pai e kore e mimiti ka uru ki te whakamatao-mua me te rere o te hau ka "mimiti tuarua" ki reira. Ka whakaitihia hei mamaoa wai, ka whakanui ake i te nui o te wai o te hau kōpeke, ka whakanui ake hoki i te pūwāhi tomairangi. Nō reira, i tēnei wā, ko te pāmahana mimiti o te hau whakamatao i inehia he iti iho i te pūwāhi tomairangi pēhanga tuturu o te hau kōpeke.
22. I raro i ngā āhuatanga hea ka taea te whakamahi i te tikanga ine pāmahana hei whakakapi mō te ira tomairangi pēhanga?
Whakautu: He tino uaua ngā mahi o te tango tauira me te ine i te ira tomairangi pehanga hau me te mita ira tomairangi SHAW i ngā wāhi ahumahi, ā, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā hua whakamātautau e ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau kāore i oti. Nō reira, i ngā wā kāore i te tino pakari ngā whakaritenga, ka whakamahia he inemahana hei whakatau tata i te ira tomairangi pehanga o te hau kōpeke.
Ko te pūtake ariā mō te ine i te ira hau pēhanga o te hau pēhanga mā te whakamahi i te inemahana ko: mēnā ko te hau pēhanga e tomo ana ki te precooler mā te wehewehe hau-wai i muri i te akiakinga kia whakamatao e te evaporator, ka wehea katoatia te wai mātotoru e mau ana i roto i te wehewehe hau-wai, kāti i tēnei wā ko te pāmahana hau pēhanga e inehia ana ko tōna ira hau pēhanga. Ahakoa kāore e taea e te whai huatanga wehenga o te wehewehe hau-wai te eke ki te 100%, engari i raro i te tikanga ka tukuna pai te wai mātotoru o te precooler me te evaporator, ko te wai mātotoru e tomo ana ki te wehewehe hau-wai me te hiahia kia tangohia e te wehewehe hau-wai he wāhanga iti noa iho o te rōrahi katoa o te condensate. Nō reira, kāore i te tino nui te hapa i te ine i te ira hau pēhanga mā tēnei tikanga.
Ina whakamahia tēnei tikanga hei ine i te pūwāhi tomairangi o te hau kōpeke, me tīpako te pūwāhi ine pāmahana ki te pito o te mīhini whakapūngao o te whakamaroke matao, ki te wehewehe wai-hau rānei, nā te mea ko te pāmahana o te hau kōpeke te mea iti rawa i tēnei wā.
23. He aha ngā tikanga whakamaroke hau kōpeke?
Whakautu: Ka taea e te hau kōpeke te tango i te mamaoa wai i roto mā te pēhanga, te whakamatao, te mimiti me ētahi atu tikanga, ā, ka taea te tango i te wai wai mā te whakamahana, te tātari, te wehenga ā-mīhini me ētahi atu tikanga.
He taputapu whakamaroke hau whakamatao te whakamatao e whakamatao ana i te hau kōpeke hei tango i te kohu wai kei roto, hei whiwhi i te hau kōpeke maroke. Ka whakamahia hoki e te whakamatao o muri o te kōpeke hau te whakamatao hei tango i te kohu wai kei roto. Ka whakamahia e ngā whakamaroke adsorption te kaupapa o te adsorption hei tango i te kohu wai kei roto i te hau kōpeke.
24. He aha te hau kōpeke? He aha ngā āhuatanga?
Whakautu: Ka taea te pēhi i te hau. Ko te hau i muri i te mahi a te pēhi hau hei whakaiti i tōna rōrahi me te whakanui i tōna pēhanga ka kiia ko te hau pēhi.
He puna hiko nui te hau kōpeke. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu puna hiko, ko ēnei ōna āhuatanga mārama: he mārama, he mārama, he ngāwari ki te kawe, kāore he āhuatanga kino motuhake, ā, kāore he parahanga, he iti rānei te parahanga, he iti te pāmahana, kāore he tūponotanga ahi, kāore he wehi i te taumaha rawa, ka taea te mahi i roto i ngā taiao kino maha, he ngāwari ki te tiki, kāore e pau.
25. He aha ngā poke kei roto i te hau kōpeke?
Whakautu: He maha ngā poke o te hau kōpeke i tukuna mai i te kōpeke hau: ①Wai, tae atu ki te kohu wai, te mamaoa wai, te wai whakapūpū; ②Hinu, tae atu ki ngā paru hinu, te mamaoa hinu; ③He maha ngā matū totoka, pērā i te paru waikura, te paura konganuku, te rapa. He paitini, he matūriki tā, he rauemi tātari, he paitini o ngā rauemi hiri, me ētahi atu, me te maha atu o ngā matū kakara kino.
26. He aha te pūnaha pūtake hau? He aha ngā wāhanga o roto?
Whakautu: Ko te pūnaha e titoa ana i ngā taputapu e whakaputa ana, e tukatuka ana, e penapena ana hoki i te hau kōpeke ka kiia he pūnaha pūtake hau. Ko te pūnaha pūtake hau noa he mea tito i ēnei wāhanga: te kōpeke hau, te pouaka whakamatao o muri, ngā tātari (tae atu ki ngā tātari-mua, ngā wehewehe hinu-wai, ngā tātari paipa, ngā tātari tango hinu, ngā tātari tango haunga, ngā tātari whakahoromata, me ētahi atu), ngā tāke rokiroki hau kua whakapūmauhia te pēhanga, ngā whakamaroke (pouaka whakamātao, mimiti rānei), te waikeri aunoa me te tuku parakaingaki, te paipa hau, ngā wāhanga takirere paipa, ngā taputapu, me ētahi atu. Ka whakakotahihia ngā taputapu o runga ake nei ki roto i tētahi pūnaha pūtake hau katoa e ai ki ngā hiahia rerekē o te tukanga.
27. He aha ngā tūponotanga o ngā poke i roto i te hau kōpeke?
Whakautu: He nui ngā poke kino o te hau kōpeke e puta mai ana i te pūwero hau, ko ngā poke matua ko ngā matūriki totoka, te makuku me te hinu i te rangi.
Ka hanga te hinu whakahinuhinu kua mimiti hei waikawa waro ka waikura i ngā taputapu, ka pakaru te rapa, te kirihou, me ngā rauemi hiri, ka aukati i ngā kōhao ririki, ka kore e mahi tika ngā takirere, ā, ka poke hoki i ngā hua.
Ka whakatōtō te makuku kua kōpeketia ki te wai i raro i ētahi āhuatanga, ā, ka kohia ki ētahi wāhanga o te pūnaha. Ka waikura ēnei makuku i ngā wāhanga me ngā paipa, ka piri, ka pakaru rānei ngā wāhanga neke, ka kore e mahi pai ngā wāhanga hau, ka turuturu te hau; i ngā rohe makariri, ka tio, ka pakaru rānei ngā paipa i te tio o te makuku.
Ka tahuna ngā mata nekeneke o roto i te rango, te motuka hau me te takirere whakamuri hau e ngā poke pērā i te puehu i roto i te hau kōpeke, ka whakaiti i te roa o te ora o te pūnaha.
Wā tuku: Hurae-17-2023
